早实核桃物候期观察与避晚霜品种的筛选

针对北方地区核桃受晚霜危害制约生产效益的问题,在渭河平原中部选择避晚霜品种及适宜的授粉品种,对12个早实核桃品种物候期进行了观察.结果表明:不同早实核桃品种物候期各异.早实核桃各物候期(除展叶期)均与有效积温呈极显著正相关.“辽核3号”、“辽核4号”、“香玲”、“鲁光”、“扎343”、“维纳”、“吐来尔”、“强特勒”为雄先型品种;“西林2号”、“西扶2号”、“温185”、“中林5号”为雌先型品种.“西林2号”、“西扶2号”、“中林5号”、“维纳”、“吐来尔”和“强特勒”雌雄花期部分相遇;“香玲”、“鲁光”、“辽核3号”、“辽核4号”、“温185”、“扎343”雌雄花期不相遇;“西林2号”、“西扶2号”、“香玲”、“鲁光”、“扎343”可为“辽核3号”、“辽核4号”、“温185”授粉;“扎343”和“温185”可以相互授粉.“香玲”、“鲁光”、“扎343”的雌花期基本能避开晚霜危害;“维纳”、“吐来尔”、“强特勒”能避开晚霜危害,是渭北栽培核桃的首选品种.     

塔额盆地引进甜菜品种比较试验初报

对引进33个甜菜品种进行比较试验,结果表明：kuhn1016、CN07、hx905、ST21916、kuhn1011、MA096、ST21015七个品种折合667m2产量5506kg以上,比对照增产4.36%以上;cofco8010、hx820、kuhn1001、kuhn1003、kuhn1010、ST21016六个品种含糖率在18.04%以上,比对照提高1.75度以上;cofco9016、cofco8010、hx905、kuhn1010、SD13806、ST21916、ST21015、ST21016八个品种产糖量较对照增产11.18%以上;综合各品种主要经济性状及抗病性,cofco8010、hx905、kuhn1010、ST21916、ST21015、ST21016六个品种较适合塔额盆地的生态环境,适宜在该地区推广应用。     

Starch granule size variation and relationship with tuber dry matter content in heritage potato varieties

Heritage potato varieties in Canada are historic old varieties collected from Canada and various countries before the formal establishment of the Canadian plant variety registration system and may be a valuable gene resource for beneficial traits in potato breeding and bioproducts development. Greater evaluation is the key for the enhanced use of these materials. It is unknown how much variation of starch granules occurs among Canadian heritage potato varieties. We analyzed the starch granule size of 14 potato heritage varieties held in the Canadian Plant Gene Resources collection over 2 years using a squeezed juice and microscopic method recently developed at the Potato Research Centre. The varieties demonstrated considerable variation in starch granule size and shape. The granules showed average lengths ranging from 18 μm in the variety Congo to 32 μm in ‘Russet Burbank’. The largest single granule measured from 64 μm in ‘Congo’ to 91 μm in ‘Crotte d’Ours.’ The granule sizes of the varieties showed a very high correlation (r = 0.975, P < 0.0001) between years. This high reproducibility suggests the existence of genetic factors in determining starch granule size. We also found that the starch granule size is positively correlated with tuber dry matter (in terms of specific gravity) in these heritage potatoes. The results demonstrated reproducible genotypic variation for starch granule size and shape in tubers with a significant correlation to tuber dry matter in these heritage potato varieties, and offers the possibility for and agronomic relevance of genetic modification of starch granules through selective breeding.     

Physico-chemical characteristics of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) grown in Northern Areas of Pakistan

In order to ascertain physico-chemical, functional and geometrical traits of apricot fruit from Northern Areas of Pakistan, six predominantly grown varieties namely, Alman, Habi, Khakhas, Mirmalik, Neeli and Shai were selected in this study. Proximate composition as crude fat (2.1–3%), crude protein (6.18–8.7%), crude fiber (11.85–13.6%), ash (9.45–12.1%) and total sugars (56.8–64.9%) were determined on dry weight basis. The data showed variations among the investigated parameters in all varieties. Functional properties of apricot fruit viz. ascorbic acid (67.39–90.94 mg/100 g), total phenolic compounds (4590–7310 mgGAE/100 g), total carotenoids (10.09–18.13 mg/100 g β-carotene) and antioxidant activity (56.84–82.33%) were also recorded. The data pertaining to mineral contents (mg/100 g) revealed K as the predominant element (2040–3000) followed by P, Mg, Ca, Na and Fe among all the tested samples. Furthermore, geometrical characters of apricot varieties were also determined as important sensory and technological attributes on fresh weight basis. The result from the present study showed that all the tested varieties are highly nutritious and rich in functional components.     

修枝促接干对泡桐光合特性影响的研究

采用Li-6400光合分析系统,对修枝接干和对照泡桐不同冠层、不同方位叶片在不同光量子密度条件下的净光合速率(Pn)进行测定,并采用经验方程对其光反应曲线进行拟合,结果表明:(1)修枝接干可明显提高泡桐植株总体的光合潜力和适应强光环境的能力,其最大光合速率(Pmax)、光饱和点(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)和光合幅度(PR)在修枝后分别达23.93 μmol·m-2·s-1、1 966.58 μmol·m-2·s-1,53.88 μmol·m-2·s-1、1 911.71 μmol·m-2·s-1,较对照分别高11.85%、15.61%、29.06%、15.21%.(2)修枝接干对泡桐诸光合指标的影响在树冠下层明显大于上层,并且使其上下冠层之间的差异性显著减小.修枝后泡桐下层树冠的Pmax、LSP、LCP、PR较对照分别高27.70%、36.74%、34.22%、36.80%,而上层差异不显著.(3)修枝接干对处于不同方位泡桐叶片的光合特性的影响在不同冠层具有不同程度的体现.在树冠上层的阳位与阴位间,修枝接干后的Pmax、LSP、LCP和PR分别较对照有所提高,但均不显著;而在树冠下层,修枝接干后其阳位叶的Pmax、LSP、LCP和PR分别较对照高21.80%、39.02%、28.72%和39.26%,阴位叶分别较对照高42.18%、39.35%、48.70%和39.13%,除了LCP在二处理间阳位的差异不显著外,其余的差异性均显著.     

泰山板栗良种(优系)选育研究

本研究通过对板栗种质资源丰富的泰山的实生板栗大树进行良种选育,在对优系生长结果,栗实品质调查的基础上,通过初选、实地调查、专家复选,确定23个优系在3种不同立地条件下建优系对比园。通过各优系的生物学特性、早实丰产性、栗实品质进行对比分析,采用最大隶属度原则进行排序,筛选出综合品质前4位的5号、8号1、6和20号。筛选出的4个优系在不同立地条件上表现丰产稳产,4 a生株产在2.0kg以上,比对照石丰株产高70%~190%,平均投影面积产量在0.5 kg以上。栗实综合品质优良,单粒重在8.0g以上,红褐色或紫褐色,茸毛少或较少,富光泽,栗实整齐均匀,含糖量在18.0%以上,栗肉细、味香、糯性强,栗实品质优于石丰。     

发展福建省林木育种工作的思考

本文指出随着福建林业的发展，林木良种工作也产生了相应的变化，认为应当对主要用材树种进行深入研究，使育种目标多样化并加强对林木种质基因资源的保护。     

红土晒烟品种比较试验

以保山地区大面积种植的红土晒烟品种拉茄为对照,对不同种源的肯那、歪尾巴、沂水香烟、Va309等4个品种进行比较试验,通过生物学性状、农艺性状、外观质量的观察比较和对产量、产值的方差分析结果:参试品种均不及对照品种拉茄;歪尾巴、肯那综合性状表现相对较好,接近拉茄;而沂水香烟、Va309明显较差。     

数字图像处理在植物新品种鉴定中的应用

随着分子生物学和信息技术的发展,指纹图谱技术已成为品种鉴定的重要手段。本文从目前人工鉴定指纹图谱的方法出发,提出了利用计算机的图像处理技术来实现指纹图谱鉴定的方法以及实现技术。     

减轻林业税费促进林业健康发展

针对我国现行林业税费存在的问题,如:林业税费种类繁多、比重大、政策执行不规范、不完善等,提出了相应的对策和建议,阐明应减轻林业税费,以促进林业健康发展.